Muhammad

Explanation

Muhammad is the center of the founding experience that the book reads first as a Qur’anic event and then, later, as an Islamic event. He appears as the first source of proclamation, and also as the model that later became an object of emulation, legitimacy, and interpretation.

Referred to by

• The Impact of Political Conditions on Orientalism
• The Tools of the Contemporary Researcher
• Monotheistic Religions and Modernity
• Four Orientalist Tendencies
• Arkoun Calls for Evaluating Orientalist Knowledge without Prejudgments
• Arkoun Calls for a Scientific Critical Reading
• Arkoun Calls for a Scientific Critical Reading of the Qur’an
• Arkoun Rejects Separating the Heart from Reason
• Arkoun Calls for Redefining the Wondrous and Captivating
• The Crisis of Arab-Islamic Critical Thought
• Occasions of Revelation Frame the Verses
• Occasions of Revelation Are Not the Context Itself
• The Myth of the People of the Cave between Christianity and Islam
• Legal Theory Reinforces the Authority of Interpretation
• War Verbs Indicating Violence
• The Horizon of Fragility and Uncertainty
• The Mother of the Book and the Revealed Books
• The Importance of Composition and Rhythm
• The Priority of Historical and Anthropological Study
• Abraham as a New Foundational Construction
• Abraham Combines Biblical and Arab Elements
• Concealing Real-World Data
• Projecting Later Concepts onto the Text
• Ibn Mujahid’s Reform Changed the History of the Text
• Reconstructing Tradition Historically and Critically Reveals the Multiplicity of Interpretive Methods
• Redefining the Concepts of Reason and the Heart
• Re-Creating the World at Every Moment
• Reopening Ijtihad and Critiquing Reason
• Rereading the Qur’an Historically
• The Possibility of Replacing the Old Sharia
• Denying the Historicity of the Qur’an Is Linked to Hanbalism
• Denying the Historicity of the Qur’an Is Linked to the Rigidity of the Hanbali Position
• Historians’ Neglect of Mental Data
• The Expansion of Education Remained Quantitative
• The Connection of Religious Reason with the Human Sciences
• The Schools’ Differences over Narrations
• The Impossibility of Recovering the First Islam
• The Impossibility of Accessing God’s Speech Directly
• The Use of “Islam” Requires Finer Distinctions
• The Stabilization of Qur’anic Discourse
• The Persistence of Structures of Faith in Islam
• The Continuing Need for Meaning
• Religious Discourse Shares General Features
• A Meccan Objection to Revelation
• The Association of Reason with Imagination and Memory
• Legislative Verses Highlight the Legal Dimension in Orientalist Reading
• Legislative Verses in Orientalist Reading
• Legislative Verses Are Not the Only Criterion of Reading
• Verse-Signs Refer to the Transcendent Truth
• The Legislative Verse as an Example of the Legal Character
• The Verse Is Linked to Reflection
• Adab as a Comprehensive Epistemic Concept
• Monotheistic Religions Mutually Exclude One Another
• Orthodoxy as an Accumulated History
• Orthodoxy Keeps Mediation at the Level of Faith
• Myth as a Positive Symbolic Language
• Myth as a Foundational Concept
• Myth and Qur’anic Discourse Function as Positive Foundational Expression
• Arkounian Foundations Rest on Fragility and Uncertainty
• Religious Origins Bear Their Social Historicity
• Religious Origins Have a Social Historicity
• Juridical Foundations Are No Longer Sufficient
• Fundamentalism as a Response to Crises of Threat and Nostalgia
• Activist Fundamentalism as Political Protest
• Fundamentalism and Political Threat
• Political Islam and Violence
• Classical Islam Takes Shape through Struggles over Legitimacy and Power
• Islam between Theology and Politics
• Islam and Politics Are Studied Historically and Critically
• Islam and Politics Are Studied Historically and Critically
• The Prophetic Experience Founded Islam as a Historical-Political Experience
• The Prophetic Experience as a Framework for Founding Islam and Politics
• The Qur’anic Event Is Not the Islamic Event
• Qur’anic Discourse Is Distinct from Later Islamic Discourse
• Qur’anic Discourse Differs from Islamic Discourse
• The New Authority Imitates the Prophetic Model
• Legitimacy after the Prophet’s Death
• The Prophetic Function and Legitimacy
• The Muhammadan Foundational Model
• The Durability of the Prophetic Model
• Surah Yusuf and Muhammad’s Experience
• The Need to Study Muhammad’s Conception and His Time