Modern hostility is understood through a long historical narrative and a symbolic construction of the adversary

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• The crisis of the Arab-Islamic world stems from the breakdown of legitimacy, critique, and institutions

Original atoms

• Bin Laden rehistoricizes hostility
• The dismantling of the caliphate expands the conflict
• The Crusades symbolically direct the conflict
• The United States embodies the historical enemy
• Bin Laden rehistoricizes hostility
• The dismantling of the caliphate expands the conflict
• The Crusades symbolically direct the conflict
• The United States embodies the historical enemy