Political Legitimacy in Classical Islam Was Formed Between Theology and Force

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• The Contemporary Crisis Reveals a Political and Cultural Impasse That Needs Deconstruction

Original Atoms

• Political Sovereignty Is Linked to an Early Spiritual Crisis
• Political Conflicts Were Wrapped in Theological Language
• Historical Legitimacy Remained in the Hands of Armed Force
• Sunni, Shi‘i, and Kharijite Conceptions Took Shape in the Third Hijri Century
• The Shi‘a Link Legitimacy to the Prophet’s Lineage and the Infallible Imams
• The Sunnis Recognize the Political Fait Accompli
• The Kharijites Raise the Slogan “No Rule Except God’s”
• Political Sovereignty Is Linked to an Early Spiritual Crisis
• Political Conflicts Were Wrapped in Theological Language
• Historical Legitimacy Remained in the Hands of Armed Force
• Sunni, Shi‘i, and Kharijite Conceptions Took Shape in the Third Hijri Century
• The Shi‘a Link Legitimacy to the Prophet’s Lineage and the Infallible Imams
• The Sunnis Recognize the Political Fait Accompli
• The Kharijites Raise the Slogan “No Rule Except God’s”