This section gathers the clusters extracted from the book.
- The divergence of the trajectories of Europe and Islam explains the crisis of philosophy and theology
- The impossibility of grounding stems from closing off origin and ijtihad within a historical authority
- Fundamentalism and politicization turn religion into an instrument of power against modernization
- Historical Islam took shape through the appropriation of the Qur’an and the diversity of belief
- Modernity is an incomplete historical project that is neither imported nor sacralized
- The new reason is pluralistic, critical, and goes beyond closed centralisms
- Secularization and citizenship reveal the limits of religious politics and Western modernity
- The social sciences and anthropology reveal the historically unthought
- The Qur’an is a foundational reference, but it can only be understood historically and linguistically
- The modern reading of the religious text brings together science, history, and faith
- Renewing religion passes through an epistemological critique of the historicity of reason and tradition
- Critique of violence and domination frees truth from monopoly