Civilization in Islam, in Arkoun’s View, Suffers from a Technical and Institutional Deficit

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• Islamic history moved from creative plurality to doctrinal and epistemic closure

Original atoms

• Lack of artistic creativity in Islamic civilization
• The absence of women and music in the mosque
• Nature as an object of tribal sanctification
• Lack of artistic creativity in Islamic civilization
• The absence of women and music in the mosque
• Nature as an object of tribal sanctification