Formulation of the claim

The use of religion and identity in political conflicts and wars is not understood as a purely religious phenomenon, but as a sign of broader crises in modernity.

Explanation

When forms of social rationality falter and the public sphere weakens, identity becomes easy material for mobilization. This use is therefore tied more to extremism and deviation from shared thinking than to the truth of religion itself.

Its place in the book’s argument

This idea broadens the interpretation of conflict, because it links it to the structure of modern crisis rather than to a single isolated cause. In this way, the text moves away from the simplification that makes religion the source of all violence or else makes it entirely innocent, and instead looks into the conditions that drive religion and identity to be turned into tools of political conflict.

Brief evidence

Islamic Thought: Critique and Ijtihad Where Is Contemporary Islamic Thought?