Formulation of the Claim
Fundamentalist thought cannot be grounded in an absolute way because texts, minds, and institutions
Explanation
The book builds its thesis on the impossibility of grounding results from sealing off the origin and ijtihad within a historical authority and renewing religion passes through an epistemological critique of the historicity of reason and tradition, insofar as it makes the historicity of the origin, reason, and tradition a direct cause of the impossibility of final grounding. It then expands the discussion of the Qur’an and belief through the Qur’an is a foundational reference, but it can only be understood historically and linguistically and the modern reading of the religious text brings together science, history, and faith and historical Islam was formed through the appropriation of the Qur’an and the diversity of belief. It then compares modernity, Islam, and fundamentalism through modernity is an incomplete historical project that cannot be imported or sacralized and the divergence of the paths of Europe and Islam explains the crisis of philosophy and theology and fundamentalism and politicization turn religion into an instrument of power against modernization and secularization and citizenship reveal the limits of religious politics and Western modernity. In the end, it proposes an open critical horizon that brings together critique of violence and domination frees truth from monopoly and the new reason is pluralistic, critical, and transcends closed centrums and the social sciences and anthropology reveal the historically unthought as tools for removing the study of religion from closed sacralization and ideological instrumentalization.